Moscow Kremlin
The Kremlin is the stronghold of Moscow and its historical center. Most of the city had been inside the Kremlin walls until the 16th century. Afterwards, the Kremlin became the official Tsars residence with just several most powerful nobles and a head of the Orthodox church, who lived inside. Italian architects built the present Kremlin fortifications at the end of the 15th century. Moscow Kremlin fortress was one of the most fortified in Europe, even more than the ones in Milan and Krakow. The red brick walls with 20 towers were never captured by the enemies.
The Annunciation Cathedral was the family church of the Tsars. It was here that they married and had their new-born heirs to the throne baptized, and the cathedral's senior presbyter was the Tsar's family confessor. The church was built between 1484 and 1489 by the architects Kryvtsov and Myshkin. In the 1480s, during the reign of Ivan III, Pskov master craftsmen constructed a new three-domed brick church on the foundations of an older structure. The church was rebuilt in 1562-1564 after a fire, and another two domes and four corner side-chapels with cupolas were added. While during the reign of Ivan the Terrible a covered gallery was added on the left side. so that the Tsar could stand there during services. In the south side-chapel was to be found his prayer room. This was necessitated by the fact that contrary to church rules he married for the fourth time in 1572, and so he was prohibited from attending general services. From the porch of this cathedral in March 1584 Ivan caught sight of a cross-shaped comet and decided that it foretold of his impending death, and indeed he died a few days later.
family church, cathedral, Moscow Kremlin, Annunciation, golden domes
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